ABSTRACT
During the COVID-19 pandemic, one technology for contact tracing has come to dominate – QR codes. As a technology pioneered in Japan two decades ago and mainstreamed in China, QR codes have quickly become part of quotidian placemaking. While locations such as China have fully incorporated QR code technology into everyday contexts including public transport and mobile wallet applications, QR codes in the West were relatively overlooked. That was, until the pandemic. In this article, we examine some of the ways QR codes are being imagined and reimagined as part of public placemaking practices. In order to do so, we begin with a short history of QR codes – emerging in Japan, becoming mainstream in China and their consequent uptake globally. We then discuss the methods of our Australian study conducted during the pandemic and the seamful/seamless findings from our study. © The Author(s) 2023.
ABSTRACT
The need to sense and track in real time through sustainable and multifunctional labels is exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where the simultaneous measurement of body temperature and the fast tracking of people is required. One of the big challenges is to develop effective low-cost systems that can promote healthcare provision everywhere and for that, smarter and personalized Internet of things (IoT) devices are a pathway in large exploration, toward cost reduction and sustainability. Using the concept of color-multiplexed quick response (QR) codes, customized smart labels formed by two independent layers and smart location patterns provide simultaneous tracking and multiple synchronous temperature reading with maximum sensitivity values of 8.5% K-1 in the physiological temperature range, overwhelming the state-of-the-art optical sensor for healthcare services provided electronically via the internet (eHealth) and mobile sensors (mHealth).
ABSTRACT
This paper shines the light on how the critical outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic affected restaurant consumer's purchase behaviour. With a focus on omnichannel food ordering technology the context captures the rapid development of online sales channels for restaurants in Hong Kong. Particularly focusing on integrated ordering technologies with digital payment capabilities, such as: mobile applications, website, QR code self-service ordering applications. We conduct a longitudinal field experiment between June 2020 and January 2022 in cooperation with one of the vendors for omnichannel point of sale systems (OPOSS) in Hong Kong. The result captures a panel dataset with the total number of 23 restaurants that have been opened in a continuous order throughout the pandemic. The fixed effect regression model employs an additional dataset on Covid-19 daily cases obtained from census Hong Kong SAR Government data. We apply a moderating effect based on the type of sales channel used in the restaurants. The results show that during the pandemic, some restaurants implemented omnichannel technology to sustain restaurant sales. We observe that consumers start to use omnichannel restaurant ordering technologies during the pandemic outbreak. More importantly, we find supporting evidence that after the outbreak, the omnichannel technology use behaviour among consumers remains continuous. © 2022 ACM.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 virus with a very fast spread requires governments in every country to act quickly to prevent the spread of the coronavirus so that it does not spread quickly. The method that is mostly used is the contact tracing application, Indonesia applies this method by creating the PeduliLindungi mobile application which can track the position of people visiting a place by scanning a QR code. To ensure the successful implementation of the application, a user satisfaction evaluation is needed. This research was conducted by conducting a questionnaire survey to users of the PeduliLindungi application to determine the level of user satisfaction, the survey data was then processed using SmartPLS. The results of this study showed that all variables are positive. Two of them, usability and reliability have a significant effect on user satisfaction. It can be concluded that the user is satisfied with the PeduliLindungi application because the application has good usability and reliability. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is one of the pandemic diseases that has hit the world including Sri Lanka. He has a virus that became the target of bids to stop its spread. Including the implementation of health protocols, to provide information about the spread of the virus emergency response, detection services for suspicious persons infected with the virus, and programs to contain the spread of the virus ensuring that the whole of Sri Lanka gets vaccinated. Here, the research focuses on the minimal spread of the face mask in the office e nvironment a n i dentification system that uses a deep learning model that prioritizes object recognition for the identification o f e mployees w ho w ear a f ace m ask and detects social distancing and crowd gathering, if any if there is a violation, it will inform via a voice notification. L oss o f Smell after the next component. One person can use one disposable card to check the smell of sniffing. E ach d isposable c ard has QR codes, and all QR codes are encrypted by adding data. The user scans the QR code on their ticket and then scratches off and smelled the smelling area and selected the corresponding scent on the disposable card. Employee company attendance is a proposed automated attendance system using facial recognition. Because it requires minimal human influence a nd o ffers a high level of accuracy and marking employee attendance and employee body temperature measurement, facial recognition will appear to be a practical option. This system aims to provide a high level of protection. Automated Attendance systems that detect and recognize are safe, fast, and time-consuming savings. This technique can also be used to identify an unknown person. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Health information technology has been widely implemented to ensure travel safety in the current normalization stage of COVID-19. However, levels of public trust and acceptance toward health QR codes are low in many countries, impeding tourism recovery after the outbreak. Thus, this study aims to explore the psychological mechanisms underpinning tourist trust, confidence, and behaviors toward traveling with health QR codes. Using a quota sampling, 1089 respondents were collected across mainland China. Results identify that tourists' trust in health QR codes is affected by knowledge, perceived efficacy, privacy risk, and security. People's trust in digital health applications can boost travel confidence and increase acceptance of tracing technology and travel intention after the pandemic. Practical implications for developing policies and strategies to encourage travel are provided.
ABSTRACT
Counterfeited products are a significant problem in both developed and developing countries and has become more critical as an aftermath of COVID-19, exclusively for drugs and medical equipment's. In this paper, an innovative approach is proposed to resist counterfeiting which is based on the principles of Synthetic DNA. The proposed encryption approach has employed the distinctive features of synthetic DNA in amalgamation with DNA encryption to provide information security and functions as an anticounterfeiting method that ensures usability. The scheme's security analysis and proof of concept are detailed. Scyther is used to carry out the formal analysis of the scheme, and all of the modeled assertions are verified without any attacks. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
E-wallet is a part of the fintech solution that provides customer convenience through fast speed of transaction using RFID technology, QR code and stable internet connection. The usage of e-wallet in Malaysia and Sarawak has risen in the past few years and accelerated during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis due to the needs of contactless payment to reduce the spread of the virus. However, the usage of e-wallet and factors that affect the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak has not been identified through research. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors influencing e-wallet usage and evaluate the factors using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) affecting Sarawakians perception towards e-wallet in general and towards Sarawak's own e-wallet app, SarawakPay. Data collection of online questionnaires have been distributed and 111 responses was analyzed using descriptive analysis and correlation analysis as well as multiple linear regression to obtain mean and standard deviation values. Five formulated hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression showing a significant and positive relationship among the TAM variables. Descriptive analysis results have also shown that top factors affecting usage of SarawakPay is performance expectancy and perceived value. The result from this research indicates that the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak is still at medium level. The evaluation using TAM shows that there is significant relationship between the Technological and Social factors to the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This paper aims to establish and empirically test a theoretical framework to explain the impacts of health quick response (QR) technology trust and acceptance on responsible pandemic travel. Design/methodology/approach: The study integrates trust, confidence and cooperation theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM) to address the research aim. Adopting a quota sampling approach, a national online survey of 1,089 respondents was conducted across mainland China. Structural equation modelling is applied to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. Findings: Results indicate that health QR code technology trust can improve travel confidence and mitigate travel fear, which influences travel intention and social distancing practices among tourists. However, tourists' acceptance of health QR codes encourages social distancing behaviours rather than travel intentions. Research limitations/implications: The study illustrates the role of health information technology in improving tourist confidence and responsible travel behaviours in a pandemic context. Furthermore, the research supports and adds to the TAM by investigating the relationships between acceptance of health-related technology and pandemic travel behaviour. Practical implications: This research helps the local government and tourism managers to evaluate the effectiveness of health QR codes in pandemic travel in China. Strategies for improving tourists' trust, technology adoption and responsible behaviours are provided. Originality/value: This study differs from existing literature by investigating the innovative technology (i.e., health QR codes) in pandemic travel. Given the prevalence of health QR codes after the COVID-19 outbreak, it fills a knowledge gap and provides advice to improve pandemic travel safety. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
The product to be developed in this project is concerned to be a Mobile Application for route tracing based on user's location history. Each user is tracked using the application using GPS location. If a person tests positive for covid-19 then all person in contact with that person will be notified. User can register to this app using his/her Aadhar Card number. A unique id is generated for each user's while registering in this app. So, that with this unique id only, each person is identified and their information is updated. Here blockchain is used for storing user's data. When a person registers to the system their information will be stored in blockchain. Each person will get unique QR code so that when this person enters a store or organization they can scan QR code and get information about the user. The information about the containment Zone will be updated and if the person is coming from containment zone, organization can know about that. A machine learning tool is implemented to detect covid-19 from user's chest CT-scan image. User can upload image and check whether they have covid-19. Resnext network will be used for machine learning. Resnext is the neural network architecture for image classification. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
We live in an era, where ATMs can be used hundreds of times a day. With rising outbreaks like COVID-19 and many others, it can be one threatening source of spreading contagious diseases more rapidly. This paper proposes a new touchless ATM system, in which authentication can be done by scanning a generated QR code shown on the ATM screen through the bank’s mobile app instead of inserting one’s ATM card into the ATM. The ATM user gets verified by validating the device location and entering an OTP sent to their mobile device on scanning a QR code, after which they can withdraw or deposit cash, performing secure touchless transactions through the bank’s mobile app. This proposed system has been implemented, tested, and proven to fulfill the desired purpose, taking various security countermeasures into consideration. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
A QR Code is a two-dimensional barcode scanned by a digital device or smartphone that holds data as a sequence of pixels in a square-shaped pattern. QR codes are widely employed in commercial tracking systems, encoding URLs, contact information, map coordinates, and physical and digital documents. Nowadays, several smartphones have built-in QR readers;they are often employed in marketing and advertising campaigns. More recently, QR codes have recreated a critical role in tracing COVID-19 pandemic exposure and slowing the spread of the virus. Web attackers can encode malicious URLs of custom malware or phishing site into a QR code, which could violate or disclose personal or financial information on a smartphone’s data when scanned. This study investigates several symmetrical lightweight cryptography (LWC) algorithms to enhance QR code protection. Modern well-defined LWC features (performance and security) are compared and evaluated. The results adopt reliable and safe mechanisms for QR codes’ security issues. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The use of Quick Response (QR) codes has the potential to overcome some of the healthcare challenges we currently face, especially those presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of QR codes poster in delivering patient information effectively in a Urology Outpatient department. Methods: A national online survey of Urologists was distributed, and leaflet costs were estimated. QR codes for the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) patient information leaflets were incorporated into a poster for the Urology Outpatient department. Feedback on the poster was sought from patients. Results: Overall, 108 Urologists responded to the initial survey;44% were consultants. However, 54% provided > 50% of patients with an information leaflet during face-to-face clinics prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, decreasing to 33% during COVID-19. Using departmental outgoings, a cost of (sic)3120 was calculated for printed leaflets per year normally. Rise in telephone clinics during the pandemic meant 47% of patients were provided an Internet link or asked to use Google in the clinical letter, up from 17% prior to the pandemic. In response to the QR codes poster, in a patient population, mostly male (82%) and older people(60% between 60 and 80 years of age), 40% were familiar with QR codes, 73% could access Internet and 53% used it to find information, 46% found the poster easy to use or follow and 61% found it informative. Conclusion: QR codes offer benefits, including capability for touch-free access, cost-effectiveness, potential to increase engagement and understanding, enable user-initiated learning and improve adherence. Patient perception varies with age group and smartphone access and usage.
ABSTRACT
At the onset of Covid-19 several Mobile Contact Tracing Applications (MCTA) were deployed and in many cases contributed to curbing the pandemic by triggering Exposure Notifications (EN) to users who were in proximity to infected users. Recently, a number of MCTA were enhanced with Digital Presence Tracing (DPT) functionality in an effort of the public health authorities to break infection chains mostly in indoor crowded spaces and manage super-spreading events (e.g., concerts, parties). That is, alerting individuals who visited the same place or attended the same event with infected users. This is typically implemented by scanning a QR code at the venue entrance. In this work, we present a DPT solution that relies on EN-Hubs, i.e., Bluetooth-enabled IoT devices, that propagate EN in a machine-to-machine fashion reaching all visitors/attendants seamlessly through their MCTA. The proposed solution removes the overhead of issuing, managing, and scanning QR codes every time people visit a place. In addition, it can be conveniently retrofitted to existing nation-wide MCTA offering DPT capabilities with limited implementation cost. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
While several electronic apps help with contact tracing of COVID patients, and those apps do not prevent patients from getting in contact with healthy international travelers or audiences attending large gatherings. Medical tests are getting expensive, and individuals may falsify their test results when traveling. This paper aims to implement and evaluate a secure Digital Health Passport (DHP) using blockchain technology. Users (issuers, holders, verifiers) register in BigchainDB to create or view digital health certificates. The issuer has read-write access to upload test results and read-only access to holders and verifiers to guarantee tamper-free. The holders can share the test results using QR codes to verifiers. In this implementation, This research study use BigchainDB as the blockchain database. Then, DHP is evaluated based on the smart healthcare requirements and the key features of blockchain technology. The evaluation and discussions present that the DHP is secured, immutable and traceable. DHP use cases will be helpful as health identification cards in international tourism, attending nationwide events, workplaces and educational institutions, and the entertainment industry. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Augmented reality (AR) is a new way to integrate virtual reality into the real world, and integrating AR into education offers opportunities for increasing student performance. The Saudi Ministry of Education integrated technology into its educational system by building an educational portal called iEN, which offers many technologies that support education, such as AR experiments, e-textbooks, learning games, video clips, and TV channels. This initiative made Saudi Arabia better prepared for the transition to remote education, which offered an easy and prompt shifting of the education system during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The current study examined the effects of using QR codes as an AR to enhance student performance in Saudi education. The findings show that students who utilized QR codes in their education performed at higher levels than those who did not and demonstrated that students did not face any technical issues in integrating technology into their learning processes. However, that could be based on their generation of using technology (alpha generation), which became part of their lives.
ABSTRACT
The worldwide population is aging, even though more and more elderly people are living independently and alone. Moreover, pandemics such as COVID-19 are putting enormous pressure in health care systems all around the world. To deal with the growing elderly population and health care challenges, there is an emerging focus on technology and IT products. Technology such as mobile devices with their ever-increasing computational power, and differing sensors show immense usefulness for elderly as well as people with disability. This study proposes the development of 3D QR codes for improved safety, security, and customization of user interfaces. This study proposes multiple QR codes aligned together to create a QR cube (or QR cuboid) to store an increasing amount of information about the user. Individual QR codes will be compatible with existing systems. On the other hand, nearly, all individual information is stored with the user, enabling better privacy. Even with the development of future technologies, QR cubes can be used to access digital information. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Health information technology has been widely implemented to ensure travel safety in the current normalization stage of COVID-19. However, levels of public trust and acceptance toward health QR codes are low in many countries, impeding tourism recovery after the outbreak. Thus, this study aims to explore the psychological mechanisms underpinning tourist trust, confidence, and behaviors toward traveling with health QR codes. Using a quota sampling, 1089 respondents were collected across mainland China. Results identify that tourists’ trust in health QR codes is affected by knowledge, perceived efficacy, privacy risk, and security. People’s trust in digital health applications can boost travel confidence and increase acceptance of tracing technology and travel intention after the pandemic. Practical implications for developing policies and strategies to encourage travel are provided. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to devastate many countries around the world including Fiji, which relies on digital contact tracing apps such as careFiji to help contain the virus. Certain audits and papers show that Quick Response (QR) codes have low rates of usage which might affect the effectiveness of contact tracing efforts, especially in Fiji. This paper is a limited review of the technologies as well as contact protocols used in contact tracing, the official contact tracing apps used in the south pacific and an overview of the careFiji app. The aim of this is to find out about the contact tracing technologies and protocols to aid in designing a solution to the problems encountered in careFiji as well as other similar contact tracing apps in the South Pacific. The authors propose a NearField Communication (NFC) Contact Tracing Solution Model to supplement the current QR scanning feature of the careFiji app to allow for increased usage of the location-coupled tracking feature of contact tracing efforts. Results of tests conducted prove the convenience and time saving measures of a sample contact tracing app employing NFC versus the careFiji app relying on QR scanning for location-coupled tracking.
ABSTRACT
The Coronavirus disease has dealt the Food and Beverage industry a great blow. Restaurants have to reduce their open hours and customers allowed to follow with the regulations, and it leaves them at a huge financial loss. We conduct this research to find the optimal possible way for restaurant to stay open and still have customer on this pandemic era. We propose that restaurant should make their reservation and booking system online as we have seen that online booking and ordering became popular lately. The purpose of this application is to reduce the contact needed between the customer and the staff to as little as possible, while also avoid creating waiting time for the customer. Our application is consisted of reservation system and ordering system. The reservation system enables customers to book a table online and check in via QR Code. The ordering system enables customers to pick a menu using their Smartphone and confirm their order, as well as paying it directly using electronic money. © 2021 IEEE.